Compare presidents
Presidential terms differ in length and in data coverage, so every figure comes with the years it is built on and with caveats. Money is best compared as % of GDP: som and dollar amounts are nominal, not adjusted for inflation (the som exchange rate also affects dollar amounts). There is no overall ranking — only comparable indicators and their sources.
Gross international reserves of the National Bank, at the end of the term: Akayev (12/31/2004) — $565M; Bakiyev (12/31/2004 → 12/31/2009) — $1,588M; Atambayev (12/31/2011 → 12/31/2017) — $2,177M.
Data as of October 6, 2026
- Akayev1990–2005
- Bakiyev2005–2010
- Otunbayeva2010–2011
- Atambayev2011–2017
- Jeenbekov2017–2020
- Japarov2021–
- All six terms
Three terms are selected, which is the maximum. To add another president, remove one of the selected.
Gross international reserves of the National Bank
At the end of the term · for the incumbent, the latest available date (for shares of GDP, the latest full year) · chronological order
- Akayev12/31/2004$565Mdata for 12 of 14 years
- Bakiyev12/31/2004 → 12/31/2009$1,588M
- Atambayev12/31/2011 → 12/31/2017$2,177M
Sources: НБКР, «Валовые международные резервы» (помесячно, млн долл. США), версия от 09.09.2026
Gross international reserves of the National Bank: before → after
Value at the start and at the end of the term
- Askar Akayev · 1991–2004$565M
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev · 2005–2009$1,588M
- Almazbek Atambayev · 2012–2017$2,177M
- Askar Akayev: no data → $565M on 12/31/2004
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev: $565M on 12/31/2004 → $1,588M on 12/31/20092.81 times as much compared with the end of 2004. Change in the desirable direction for this indicator.
- Almazbek Atambayev: $1,835M on 12/31/2011 → $2,177M on 12/31/201719% more compared with the end of 2011. Change in the desirable direction for this indicator.
Sources: НБКР, «Валовые международные резервы» (помесячно, млн долл. США), версия от 09.09.2026
Colour of changes:green — change in the desirable direction for the indicatorred — in the undesirable directiongrey — almost unchanged or a neutral indicator (arrow shows direction)how we calculate
All comparison figures
Gross international reserves of the National Bank: every way of counting, years, data coverage, flags and sources
| President | Term years | Coverage | At start | At end | Change | vs previous termAt the end of the term | Flags | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Askar Akayev | 1991–2004 (14 years) | 12 of 14 yearsno data: 1991, 1992 | no data | $565M12/31/2004 | no data | no earlier term with data on this basis | — | |
| Kurmanbek Bakiyev | 2005–2009 (5 years) | 5 of 5 years | $565M12/31/2004 | $1,588M12/31/2009 | 2.81 times as much compared with the end of 2004. Change in the desirable direction for this indicator. | 2.81 times as much compared with the previous term (Askar Akayev, 1991–2004). Change in the desirable direction for this indicator. | — | |
| Almazbek Atambayev | 2012–2017 (6 years) | 6 of 6 years | $1,835M12/31/2011 | $2,177M12/31/2017 | 19% more compared with the end of 2011. Change in the desirable direction for this indicator. | 19% more compared with the previous term (Roza Otunbayeva, 2010–2011). Change in the desirable direction for this indicator. | — |
All indicators for the term
Results of the selected terms across every comparison indicator on one screen: debt, economy, budget, living standards, social facilities, infrastructure. Each row has its default measure (yearly average, % of GDP, rate or end-of-term stock) and links to the detailed comparison with caveats.
| Indicator | Akayev | Bakiyev | Atambayev |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debt and reserves | |||
| Public debt, % of GDP (Ministry of Finance)At the end of the term | 93.9% of GDPdata for 12 of 14 years | 58.5% of GDP | 58.8% of GDP |
| External public debtAt the end of the term | $1,950Mdata for 12 of 14 years | $2,476M | $4,081M |
| Domestic public debtAt the end of the term | $179Mdata for 12 of 14 years | $194M | $450M |
| Public debt, totalAt the end of the term | $2,128Mdata for 12 of 14 years | $2,670M | $4,530M |
| Gross international reserves of the National BankAt the end of the term | $565Mdata for 12 of 14 years | $1,588M | $2,177M |
| Economy | |||
| Real GDP growthAverage annual rate | −1.56% | 4.48% | 4.57% |
| GDP per capita (World Bank)At the end of the term | $433 | $870 | $1,221 |
| Inflation (CPI), annual averageAverage annual rate | 52.8%data for 12 of 14 years | 10.1% | 4.47% |
| Budget | |||
| State budget balance, % of GDPTerm average | −3.86% of GDPdata for 12 of 14 years | −0.12% of GDP | −2.77% of GDP |
| State budget expenditure% of GDP, average per year | 22.2% of GDP | 24.1% of GDP | 31.4% of GDP |
| Living standards | |||
| Average monthly wage in USD (calculated)At the end of the term | $52.5 per monthdata for 11 of 14 years | $144 per month | $228 per month |
| Poverty rateTerm average | 51.8%data for 9 of 14 years | 36.3% | 31.5% |
| Unemployment (ILO estimate)Term average | 1.83% | 3.08% | 4.09% |
| Remittances, % of GDPTerm average | 1.25% of GDPdata for 12 of 14 years | 18.5% of GDP | 29.8% of GDP |
| Social facilities | |||
| Schools commissioned (pupil places)Average per year | 8.05 thousand places | 8.28 thousand places | 12.65 thousand places |
| Kindergartens commissioned (places)Average per year | 405 places | 231 places | 1,727 places |
| Hospitals commissioned (beds)Average per year | 242 beds | 100 beds | 353 beds |
| Outpatient clinics commissioned (visits per shift)Average per year | 429 visits per shift | 717 visits per shift | 1,107 visits per shift |
| Housing completedAverage per year | 524 thousand m² | 703 thousand m² | 1,135 thousand m² |
| Repairs of social facilities, total% of GDP, average per year | series does not cover this term | series does not cover this term | 1.09% of GDPdata for 5 of 6 years |
| School repairs% of GDP, average per year | series does not cover this term | series does not cover this term | 0.1% of GDPdata for 5 of 6 years |
| Infrastructure | |||
| Electricity generation, totalAverage per year | 13,030 GWhdata for 13 of 14 years | 13,423 GWh | 14,219 GWh |
| Net electricity imports (calculated)Average per year | −2,169 GWh | −1,816 GWh | −361 GWh |
| Paved roads commissioned (National Statistics Committee)Average per year | series does not cover this term | series does not cover this term | 190 kmdata for 5 of 6 years |
| Water supply networks commissionedAverage per year | series does not cover this term | series does not cover this term | 254 kmdata for 5 of 6 years |
| Gas networks commissionedAverage per year | series does not cover this term | series does not cover this term | 44.22 kmdata for 5 of 6 years |
There is no overall ranking: indicators of different kinds do not add up to one score. For the current term the table marks the change on the previous term with data (on the same basis) and, where it applies, that the value is the highest or lowest among the terms. Colour shows the direction that is desirable for the indicator, not a judgement of the president. “No data” and “series does not cover this term” are not zero.
Gross international reserves of the National Bank by year
USD million · Annual values · 1993–2025
- Askar Akayev 1993–2004
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev 2005–2009
- Almazbek Atambayev 2012–2017
Sources: World Bank WDI API, FI.RES.TOTL.CD — «Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)» (lastupdated 2026-07-13); НБКР, «Валовые международные резервы» (помесячно, млн долл. США), версия от 09.09.2026